Breast Cancer The Second Leading Cause Of Death

BREAST CANCER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Breast Cancer was first discovered more than 3,500 years ago, surgery was an available option is the mid-19th century. Many procedures were available in the 1990’s and early detection without technology because of visible symptoms. Breast Cancer rate has decreased thirty four percent since the 1990’s. Breast cancer doesn’t just affect women but as well. .01% of men are diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer has yet to be cured, but there are several ways for it to be treated -chemotherapy, radiation, surgery for the tumor to be removed. Every case as well as the individual is different and treated the way the physician thinks is best. Depending on the stage the tumor is in when discovered the individual may have a mastectomy or choose to have surgery to help prevent recurrence. In 1982 the largest breast cancer foundation was found by Nancy Brinker in honor of her sister Susan G. Komen. Nancy made a promise to her sister to find a cure and to never stop until it was done. Due to the success of her foundation there is much sponsorship and with the help of those they have been able to provided screening and examinations. INTRODUCTION Facts Statistics Statistics state that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer in their lifetime. Though Breast Cancer is diagnosed most commonly in women, there is a risk for men as well. Non-Hispanic white women have the highestShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Second Leading Cause Death Of The United States1123 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. A mammogram, is a simple test done with x-ray, to screen women for abnormalities of the breast. Over the past six years, the guidelines put out by various healthcare organizations have changed multiple times on when women should begin screening mammograms. Based on statistical data collected by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), 20 percent of women go without a screening mammogram for their own various reasons, ofRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer as it forms through cells in the breast. As stated by the cancer center of America â€Å"The milk-producing ducts and glands are the two most likely areas to develop cancerous cells.† This is why it is most common in females, as males lack the ducts and glands that women have making them moreRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer along with many other cancers are being researched daily to find new treatments. With all the new research, it is possible to see high survival rates and lower reoccurrence rate. Many are benefiting from the new treatments that are being discovered. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and the advancements that have been made are remarkable. There are different types of breast cancer that could be used in planning treatment and new therapies. Authors of MayoRead MoreA Brief Look at Breast Cancer Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesBREAST CANCER Introduction/Background Cancer is characterized by unregulated/uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The etiological factors of Cancer include both external factors (tobacco, infectious organisms, chemicals, and radiation) and inherent factors (inherited mutations, hormones, immune conditions, and mutations that occur from metabolism). The etiological factors may act together or in sequence to trigger the development of cancer. It may take several years for the manifestationRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer’s a group of cells that are cancer cells called malignant. Malignant is a tumor, which starts in parts of the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women but not as bad of a death for men. Males or females, are born with some breast cells and tissues that have the possibility to turn into cancer cells. (â€Å"Definition.†) Any type of cancer begins in the cells. The cells are the basic building blocks that’ll make the tissue. If the process of cell growth goesRead MoreBreast Cancer Community Resources Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer is the predominant form of cancer diagnosed in America women, second only to skin cancer and the primary cause of cancer deaths, surpassed only by lung cancer. Approximations suggest that one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer during the course of their life (American Cancer Society, 2013). As with any disease, a diagnosis of breast cancer can be tremendously challenging and freighting experience not only during the time of treatment and postRead MoreThe Importance Of Breast Cancer810 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer, behind skin cancer is the leading cause of death among women and is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths every year. Many of these death may result from inaccurate or late diagnosis. It is a well-known fact that the technology of today is not capable of curing cancer. But, it is known that when cancer is detected at an early stage it can be treated much quicker, leading up to a higher chance of a prolonged life. For this reason, radiologists want to detect breast cancer at anRead MoreCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageshuman disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the general population affected, what gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects peopleRead MoreCancer Is The Father Of Medicine1458 Words   |  6 PagesCancer is when the cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. Many types of cancer exist, but they all start the same way, out-of-control growth of cells. It is the second leading cause of death in the United States.The word cancer is credited to the Hippocrates, who is also considered the father of medicine. About one-half of all men and one-third of all women will develop cancer at some point in their lifetime. The first evidence of cancer was found among fossilized bone tumorsRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when a

Venture Capital and Tech Coast Angels - 9915 Words

9-808-064 REV: OCTOBER 21, 2010 PRICHARD G. HAMERMESH LAUREN BARLEY De ermaCa Zap are: pping Z Dir Zits rectly It w a rainy Saturday mor was S rning in late N November 20 005, and Pete Scocimara p er pulled on his Croc s shoes to take his rambunctiou golden ret us triever Jasper for a walk. Walking the dog would give r e d Scocim mara some much-needed time to clear his head an prepare fo a Monday m r nd or y-morning me eeting with the cofounders of his co ompany, Der rmaCare, Inc Headquarte c. ered in Live ermore, California, Derm maCare was a start-up ven nture that pla anned to mar rket its Therm maClear acne e-treatment d device direct to consum tly mers using dire response t ect†¦show more content†¦ght resident and Fellow of Harvard Coll ws lege. To order copie or request perm es mission to reproduc materials, call 1-8 ce 800-545Copyrig  © 2007, 2010 Pr 7685, wr Harvard Busin rite ness School Publish hing, Boston, MA 0 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp.harv vard.edu. No part of this publication may be n reprodu uced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spread dsheet, or transmit tted in any form or by any mean ns—electronic, mec chanical, photoco opying, recording, or otherwise—with o hout the permission of Harvard Busin n ness School. 808-064 DermaCare: Zapping Zits Directly DermaCare Cofounders Luiz Da Silva Da Silva, a native of Canada, received a PhD in physics from the University of British Columbia in 1988. Soon thereafter, Da Silva moved to California for the opportunity to work with â€Å"the world’s most powerful laser† at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). By 1997, Da Silva was ready for a new challenge. He and his boss then started the medical technology program at LLNL, and Da Silva explained his role as its associate program director: Our mission was to take technology and patents developed at the lab and transfer them to the medical industry. My first experience was to pitch some technology the lab had for treating strokes. We visited some VCs, and eventually a group of VCs found a CEO and formed a startup to license and commercialize our technology. I was theShow MoreRelatedDermaCare10958 Words   |  44 Pagesresults in hand, Scocim mara and Ch hoi approacheed angel inveestors, includiing Silicon Valley-based V B Band of Angeels, to raise a Series A rou und. Just befo ore Thanksgiv ving, the Band of Angels sent s Scocimarra a term sheeet that offereed the compan ny $1.5 millio on, assuming a $4.5 million n postfinancin ng valuation. Shortly thereeafter, the CEO unexpecttedly received d a competin ng term sheet from Foundation Capitall, a venture capital c (VC) firm where his good frieend and form mer businesssRead MorePunchtab Inc10225 Words   |  41 Pagesmarkedly different than when he raised his initial funding for YouSendIt seven years ago. He was a more seasoned entrepreneur, and there were many more sources available for seed funding, including individual angel investors, super angel funds, incubators, and seed funds inside traditional venture capital (VC) firms. As he contemplated how best to fund PunchTab, he wondered when he should raise his first round of funding, how much he should raise, and from whom he should raise it. Ranjith Kumaran Born inRead Moreairbnb case7518 Words   |  31 Pagesbecause of its track record of success. An unusual number of YC founders had gotten funding from top tier venture capitalists and gone on to build successful and valuable businesses. Now, after three months, it seemed they’d become one of the success stories: the sheet of paper in front of them was a Series A term sheet from Sequoia Capital, one of Silicon Valley’s premiere venture capital firms. The question they’d been discussing was whether or not the company should take Sequoia’s money. WhileRead MoreEndeca Case Essay11075 Words   |  45 Pagesraise additional growth capital. The words of his Vice President of Marketing, Steve Sayre, warred with the sound of the construction. â€Å"I know the board is actively working on the C round,† Sayre said. â€Å"We’d better get this funding closed; I don’t think the NASDAQ is going to hold up.† Papa knew that his CFO shared Sayre’s concerns. To an even greater extent, so did he (see Exhibit 1 for NASDAQ values), because not only had the NASDAQ fallen, but so had the number of venture deals and the amount ofRead MoreDoing Business in the Asia/Pacific Rim Region31325 Words   |  126 PagesDOING BUSINESS IN THE ASIA/PACIFIC RIM REGION State Capital Group 1747 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Suite 1200 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 659-6601 PHONE (202) 659-6641 FAX info@statecapitalgroup.org www.statecapitalgroup.org  © 2009 State Capital Group Member law firms practice independently and not in a relationship for the joint practice of law. STATE CAPITAL GROUP ASIA/PACIFIC RIM MEMBER FIRMS AUSTRALIA (MELBOURNE) Hall Wilcox AUSTRALIA (SYDNEY) Holman Webb Level 30 BourkeRead MoreFeasibility Analysis for an Ecotourism Hotel in Costa Rica9552 Words   |  39 PagesControls over Prices 17 2.6 Control of Costs 18 2.7 Control of Distribution Channels 19 3 VENTURE ANALYSIS 20 3.1 Opportunity / Compelling Need 20 3.2 Product or Service Description 21 Central Attributes 21 Product Range 21 Product and Delivery 21 3.3 Target Market 22 3.4 Unique Benefits 24 3.5 Competitive Advantage 25 3.6 Risks 26 3.7 Financial Projections / Bootstrapping Tactics 27 Capital Needs 27 Gross Margin 28 Sales 29 Profit and Loss 29 Conclusion Recommendations 31 Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageseroding competitive position due to errors of omission are difficult to calculate precisely, the costs of errors of commission are often fully evident. For example, with Euro Disney, in 1993 alone the loss was $960 million from a poorly planned venture; it improved in 1994 with only a $366 million loss. With Maytag’s overseas Hoover Division, the costs of an incredibly bungled sales promotion were more than $300 million, and still counting. Then there was the monumental acquisition of ChryslerRead MoreBusiness Plan of Skytrails Airline, Ltd.14517 Words   |  59 Pagespercent of the current published business-class fare. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE COMPANY REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT MARKET ANALYSIS FINANCIALS APPENDIX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose Having successfully raised  £1.3 million from angel investors, SkyTrails is now looking to raise  £25 million from investors who are interested in the opportunity presented by SkyTrails and believe in its growth potential. This is a unique opportunity to invest in a new concept in the aviation industryRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 Pagesand dissemination of ST information that are designed to assist in commercializing viable research results in order to add value to the Nations’ natural resources with a view to reducing heavy dependence on 14 importation of raw materials and capital goods with attendant foreign exchange implications. 1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY The essence of this study is encapsulated in the review of the past and current efforts made in Nigeria to achieve national development through the applicationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Big One Free Essays

string(107) " brought exchange question with different nations, which thusly frequently declined into military battles\." They came to America looking for religious opportunity and consequently were dedicated religious families. Their general public was religious based family arranged, depending on angling and cultivating on little scale, seeing themselves as to be â€Å"much more genuine than all different pilgrims†. These actualities clarify why New England had the witchcraft panics and no uprisings like the Bacon’s Rebellion. We will write a custom essay sample on Big One or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then again, the Chesapeake homesteaders came to America looking for gold, silver, or else other possibilities that could come about into benefit. They raised tobacco and corn for fare to Europe and their yields flourished. Economy influenced the general populace, made in larger part of dark slaves working the manors, ND subsequently religion was less extreme in the Chesapeake provinces. The fundamental church was the Anglican Church and numerous individuals did not partake at all in the religious exercises. These truths clarify why Chesapeake had the Bacon’s Rebellion and no witchcraft alarms. Religion wasn’t as critical in the Chesapeake provinces as it was further North. This is on account of the larger part of those going to the states in Virginia, for instance, were there for profiting and were accordingly primarily embodied vendors, as opposed to Puritans, for instance. Simply needed to include that elision wasn’t the ONLY reason for the witchcraft alarms, yet this is the least demanding to bring up. With respect to Bacon’s Rebellion, this was a rebellion made up basically by obligated servants, who felt they were being â€Å"held down† by those they worked for. Bound servants were basic in the Chesapeake range. In New England, there weren’t the same number of. There was basically a spotlight on families cooperating to accomplish work, instead of having obligated servants doing the work. So since there weren’t almost the same number of obligated servants in New England, there wasn’t anything like Bacon’s Rebellion. . What made Native American peoples vulnerable to conquest by European adventurers? Mans Native Americans history is both captivating and from multiple points of view, heartbreaking. Assessments range from around 10 – 90 million Native Americans occupied America at the time Of the European entries. They had existed in the area numerous, numerous years before white man set foot on their dirt. It is accepted that amid the ice age, they had voyage an area connect over the Bring Sound, from Siberia into what is currently Alaska. They had step by step relocated over the area and southward into Mexico ND past. The name â€Å"Indian† was provided for them by Christopher Columbus who mistakenly accepted he had arrived in the Indies. They have been marked Indians, American Indians, and the now favored Native Americans. They relocated to all locales of the area and were structured into various tribes or countries. These were an individuals who adjusted well to their specific locales and made insightful utilization of all characteristic assets accessible. They put stock in regarding the area and the plenitude of blessings it advertised. They got to be capable anglers, seekers, cultivated harvests, for example, corn, and assembled homes with whatever accessible assets their domain gave. Some of these included creature skins, sun-dried block for adobes, or wood for long houses relying upon the districts. The Native American people groups substantiated themselves substandard compared to the European champions from social, efficient, political and military perspectives. A large number of them were in decrease before the entry of the Europeans; they overburdened nature by chasing, exhausting the fauna and greenery. They additionally passed on from urban maladies, in the same ay as tuberculosis and on top of this, they didn’t have resistance to the new European ailments and many thousands were slaughtered along these lines. The survivors intermarried and settled in less compelling groups. The Indian populace developed gradually in view of the unforgiving conditions. On an alternate hand, the Europeans had unrivaled military engineering; they were wearing metal protective layers, overwhelming weapons and they had cavalry. The Aztec had the information of sanitized gold however did not know how to make iron apparatuses and weapons. 3. What was the role of the colonies in the British mercantilism system? Mans In the mercantilism framework colonies were relied upon to help the homeland attain to a great offset of exchange, ideal specie inflow, financial independence and a fare overflow. States were required to supply items which would overall must be gotten from non-royal sources, produce trades by the creation and offer of items sought after outside the domain, and give a business to the motherland’s fares. The homeland would furnish the states with incorporated administrative control of the economy, and additionally maritime and military security. Under the mercantilism framework, the part of settlement was to help its â€Å"motherland. † The homeland needed to fare things that were more significant than whatever it needed to import. The American states’ part in the British mercantilism framework was to help get this going. They should give items that could be sent out via England and they should purchase profitable things from England. This implied several things. First and foremost, it implied that the provinces would not be permitted to fare things straightforwardly to different nations. Rather, they needed to send them to England first so England could profit when the merchandise were traded. Second, it implied that the provinces were not permitted to make things that would contend with things made in England. Britain needed the pioneers to import things, not to make their own. According to the English laws that systematized these advancements for North America were instituted over a century and were assembled around a progression of Navigation Acts starting in 1 651. They were given a complete structure in 1696. English mediation in the economy keeping in mind the end goal to serve national investments delivered budgetary and key focal points to the states. By giving the states the greater part of the delivery rights on exchange tit England, British mercantilism profited the settlements. Mercantilism inexorably brought exchange question with different nations, which thusly frequently declined into military battles. You read "Big One" in category "Papers" All things considered, then, the provinces’ part was to give things that the British could fare and purchase things from Britain. In both ways, they would help England have the capacity to fare more than it transported in. 4. How did the Great War for Empire change the relationship between England and its American colonies? Mans In spite of the fact that a large portion of the North American battling finished n September 8, 1760, when the Marquis De Vaudeville surrendered Montreal and viably all of Canada to Britain, the French and Indian War formally finished with the marking of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. The bargain brought about France’s loss of all its North American belonging east of the Mississippi (all of Canada was ceded to Britain) aside from Saint Pierre and Uniquely, two little islands off of Newfoundland, denoting the start of a period of British strength outside Europe. The French and Indian War changed the political, efficient, and ideological relations in the middle of Britain and its American provinces. English obligation lead to uncalled for levy of the homesteaders, and this changed the way they felt about their homeland. After the French and Indian War, the nation’s colonizing North America moved. After 1763 (Doc. An), English settlements ruled the new world. This took a toll on the political relationship in the middle of Britain and the American pilgrims in light of the fact that it prompt the Proclamation of 1763. The Native Americans (Doc. B) accepted â€Å"they had no privilege to settle. † The Proclamation was Britain’s concept of counteracting further clash. On the other hand, the settlers were rankled, and they accepted they were being denied of their entitlement to be free. Even though overseas ideological qualities to Britain started to change amid the war, the pilgrims’ capacity to experience with the blacklists demonstrated they could unite to roll out improvement. All the tariff and regulation added to the hatred pioneers as of now felt before the Proclamation of 1763. Additionally, the French and Indian War, helped American fighters understand they had less freedom than Englishmen. A Massachusetts warrior composed (Doc. D) â€Å"we are suspended Englishmen freedom. American disdain that emerged amid this period helped trigger pioneer disobedience. The French and Indian War is at fault for the American Revolution. Ideologically, it raised pioneer emotions of hatred to Britain. It additionally changed the political relationship in the middle of England and its settlers in light of the fact that the English were compelled to unjustifiably impose them because of their efficient battles. The pioneers thus, boycotted, in this manner further harming their financial association with their homeland. After the French and Indian War, America would never be the same. Maximum number of characters (including HTML tags added by text editor): 60,000 Show/Hide Rich-Text Editor Question 2 of 4 1. 1 . The narrative suggests that the war for American independence was not inevitable, that the British empire could have been saved. Do you agree? At what point during the imperial crisis was peaceful compromise possible? 2. Mans After the war for American Independence, John Adams asserted that the Americans were considering autonomy much sooner than the war that began in 1775. I accept that the British Empire could have effectively been safeguarded. War was not inescapable. Had King George Ill not treated the pilgrims like getting out of hand youngsters from whom he could benefit, peace could have been kept up, and the American Revolution could have been forestalled. At first, the pioneers would not have liked to be divided from England. They just needed the same English rights that the Englanders were managed by the crown. On the other hand, contrasts over the obligation of who would pay for the expense of the Seven Years War and Britain’s mercantilism arrangements incited over levy with no representation. At the point when the establishing fathers accumulated at the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1 775, they had two essential objectives. As a matter of first importance, they needed to declare their entitlement to English rights, including representation. Furthermore, they needed to vow their steadfastness to England. To do this, they sent the Olive Branch Petition in a last endeavor to approach the lord for some help from duties and abuse. The dialect in the appeal is unassuming as the originators concede to the ruler and vow their faithfulness. Moreover, in the event that they were to stay with Great Britain, they would get the security of the British war fleet and the most effective domain on the planet. Lamentably, when the lord got the request, he declined to peruse it. Rather, he blamed the pioneers for hard and fast injustice, expressing that they had â€Å"continued to open and acknowledged disobedience. † The settlers by then understood that they would not be given the same rights and fundamentally they would dependably be considered only a wellspring of subsidizing for the ruler. It was as though the 13 provinces were the ruler’s contracted servants-?just he was not keen on continually providing for them their flexibility. So yes, the Empire could have en spared if the King had listened to the pilgrims and accepted that they were acting in accordance with some basic honesty by sending the Olive Branch Petition. Obviously, the following archive that the lord would get would be the Declaration of Independence, which was, in reality, capital punishments for the individuals who marked it. Though war could have been counteracted with the Olive Branch Petition, with the Declaration, it was positively Inescapable. . Who was to blame for Britain’s failure to win a quick victory over the American rebels: General Howe, General Burgeoned, or the ministers in London? Explain your answer. Mans Sir William Howe was an English General who was commandant and head of British strengths amid the American Revolutionary War. On January 4, 1756, Howe was delegated ma jor of the recently structured 60th Regiment (redesigned 58th in 1 757) and headed out with the unit to North America for operations against the French. In this limit he joined in Major General Jeffery Amherst effective attack of Luxurious that late spring. With the demise of his sibling, Brigadier General George Howe at the Battle of Carillon that July, William accomplished a seat in parliament speaking to Nottingham. Staying in North America, Howe served in Wolf’s assault on Quebec in 1759. General Howe was reprimanded for Britain’s inability to win a snappy triumph over the American Rebels. America’s triumph to autonomy changed to course of history. Through a triumph the fight affected Howe and pulverize his conviction that the dissidents speak to a little piece of the American individuals. Burgeoned proposed an arrangement for vanquishing the Americans he needed to lead an armed force south while the second segment propels east. This arrangement was to be progressed by Howe. Rather the arrangement was sanction by Colonial Secretary Lord George Germane. Hose’s part was never unmistakably characterized, and was never issued requests from London to assistant Burgeoned. Burgeoned was left all alone, and was vanquished in the discriminating clash of Saratoga. Howe dispatched his own battle to catch the American legislative center at Philadelphia. As I would like to think I don’t think it was Hose’s deficiency on the grounds that it was Burnoose’s arrangement, and he was the one driving the British to this fight. In spite of the fact that, the arrangement was never exceptional by Howe rather it was endorsed by Lord Germane so I think Lord Germane ought to hold a percentage of the obligation regarding the annihilation. Under serious feedback in England for losing to the Americans the lord no more had trust in Howe. Howe asked for to be calmed. Howe got word his acquiescence had been endorsed. 3. Why did Britain switch to a Southern military strategy? Why did that strategy ultimately fail? Mans The British surrender at Yorktown on October nineteenth, 1781 denoted the end of the British procedure to assuage the southern provinces, which got to be known as the Southern Campaign, and denoted the start of the end of British manage in the settlements. Led amid the Revolutionary War from 1780-1781 , it was a consequence of a sensational move in procedure that happened after the British misfortune at Saratoga. The battle was focused around a mistaken presumption that the Southern settlements contained an extensive populace of followers, and in this way could be immediately assuaged. The supporters could then be prepared, and in this manner utilized to control the South, liberating British strengths to lead operations somewhere else. The supposition of Loyalist backing in the south did not precisely reflect the mentality in the locale, where British authenticity was at hat point on disappear. As an aftereffect of the shaky authenticity of British reason, they expected to execute a course reading assignment program. The ineffectively planned and executed arrangement, nonetheless, really aroused the crowded and pushed them around the renegade reason, further undermining the authenticity of the operation. The British changed to a southern military technique after General Henry’ Clinton touched base in the States to assume control charge Of British troops from William Howe. Clinton chose that the British endeavors in the North had fizzled and that they ought o move South. The South, he felt, would be a superior spot for the British on the grounds that it was accepted that the South had numerous a greater number of Loyalists than the North did. The British felt that they would be in friendlier region there. They would have the capacity to attract on Tory quality to supplement the regulars. They would assemble energy by winning in the South and would then move back North to complete the occupation. There are mainly two reasons behind the failure of the strategy which are: First and foremost, General Henry Clinton took care of the Southern system seriously. He alienated numerous in the South who may have been dependable to the Crown. He did this, for instance, by making a guarantee to freedom to all slaves who would come to British-controlled region. This frightened slave owners and made a greater amount Of them backing the resistance. Second, the methodology utilized by American General Nathaniel Greene was exceptionally viable. He rehearsed a technique of making the British pursue him all over while rejecting any huge pitched fights. This constrained the British to attempt to â€Å"live off the area,† which implied that they needed to aka supplies from neighborhood individuals. This served to make the Southern people contradict the British. Hence, less Southerners stayed devoted to the Crown and the Southern system fizzled. 4. Why was the Constitution a controversial document even as it was being written? Mans The United States Constitution was composed more than 200 years back and it has been utilized as the establishment for the legislature. The constitution has been and still remains the strongest political understanding ever. Despite the fact that a moving record, its creation was not that simple yet dubious. Its signers were partitioned over various significant issues which prompted protracted contentions when it was being composed. After its creation the Constitution still stays dubious. It has ended up being the epicenter of Civil Rights activism, clash between state sway and national amusingness, sketchy over widespread human services and marriage controversy . The bargains on the key issues that described its genesis are in charge of the discussion of the basic archive. From the earliest starting point of its creation the constitution thoughts were isolated between the backers. The supporters comprehended hat that the constitution was a thought of the republican considering, giving for another level to the individuals’ chosen government. Then again, the faultfinders were persuaded that the republicans adjusted themselves in little political units, the states. The partition of forces between the focal government and the state governments was accordingly a significant discussion as the constitution archive was being composed and emerges as a vital issue exceptional. The agents drafting the constitution experienced issues over the state representation. The delegates that were speaking to rater states bolstered for a populace based representation while the agents from littler states thought an equivalent number Of delegates for each State was reasonable prompting the Electoral College. From its establishment, the U. S. Constitution was a controversial document, praised as a solution to the nation’s woes and condemned as a perversion of its republican principles. Critics charged that republican institutions worked only in small political units – the states. Advocates answered that the Constitution extended republicanism by adding another level of government elected by the people. In this composite political system, the new national government would exercise limited, delegated powers, and the existing state governments would retain authority over all other problems. Question 3 off 25. 0 points 1. 1 . Weigh the relative importance of the Industrial and Market revolutions in changing the American economy. In what ways was the economy different in 1860 from what it had been in 1800? How would you explain those differences? 2. Mans 3. The American economy was dominating agricultural in 1800. This changed drastically by 1860 with the Industrial and Market insurgencies. New canonical machines permitted the industrialist to deliver more products, quicker, and hence more labor was required. A business economy was conceived. New employments were made in the Northern states, while the Southern ones experienced the extension of bondage. The impact of the Industrial and Market unrest in the South was reflected in the large scale manufacturing of cotton, needed for the material business in the North. The solid industrialization had as result the individuals’ relocation from country regions to the urban areas, furthermore a huge increment in populace, as living guidelines moved forward. However the Industrial Revolution had additionally a negative effect on the common laborers, who were existing in packed and unsanitary houses and had troublesome working conditions. Generally speaking, the Industrial and Market Revolution was an essential defining moment in the American history and had as outcome the change from an agrarian and rustic culture into a modern and urban one. . In what ways did the emerging industrial economy conflict with artisan republicanism? How did wage laborers respond to the new economy? Mans In 1 sass to sass, industrialization began in United States when producers ND shippers expanded their item yield through building production lines and re-sorting out work. Through these development methodologies, the cost of merchandise was brought down, and division of work got to be more proficient. Then again, the laborers control over conditions and pace of work was dissolved. For the errands that were unsuited to outwork, there was the production of mind Austria facilities portrayed by specialization of obligations and assignments. The producers depended on steam motors to drive the factories and machines that utilized power as a part of generation. Britons expected that the American producers could get to be included in fares. Accordingly, Britain anticipated fare of material apparatus any fares and also migration of the mechanics. Be that as it may, the presentation of the cotton spinner in America by Samuel Slater denoted the start of Industrial Revolution. England planned defensive enactment that came about to lessened creation rates than in America. Thus, Americans began to enhance their machines and left on mechanical advancement. The ascent of compensation work at the heart of the Industrial Revolution additionally abused working individuals in new ways. The principal strike among material laborers challenging pay and production line conditions happened in 1 824 and even the model factories of Lowell confronted extensive strikes in the sass. Mechanical upheaval changed lives of the specialists and the way of their work. Most experts in America created a belief system of artisan republican that relied on upon standards of equity and freedom. They viewed themselves as equivalent and free from constrained work. The expanded republicanism saw numerous specialists taking more wage acquiring occupations. A few workers framed unions and their haggling force with the genuineness elevated. The greater part of the artisans confronting dangers from industrialization began specific shops. The American and English law legalized laborers from sorting out themselves with the point of getting their wages raised. By and by, the development of the work hypothesis of quality by union pioneers as a shared profits society looked for better work conditions and better wage. 3. Why did Protestant Christianity and Protestant women emerge as forces for social change? Mans In the United States, the force of the Protestant and Catholic beliefs was titled amid the pilgrim period, and, in spite of the fact that ladies dwarfed men in the chapels, the congregation chain of importance was solely male. Not until the nineteenth century in the US do history specialists normally see the beginnings of noteworthy social change in ladies’ religious parts. Virginia was the biggest, most crowded and most imperative province. The Church of England was legitimately settled; the minister of London made it a most loved preacher target and sent in 22 ministers by 1624. By and by, foundation implied that nearby expenses were piped through the neighborhood area to Andre the needs of nearby government, for example, streets and poor help, notwithstanding the compensation of the clergyman. There never was a minister in provincial Virginia, and by and by the neighborhood vestry comprised of laymen who controlled the ward and took care of nearby expenses, streets and poor easing. The settlers were ordinarily preoccupied, uninterested, and exhausted amid chapel administrations as indicated by the pastors, who grumbled that the individuals were dozing, whispering, gazing at the elegantly dressed ladies, strolling about and advancing and going, or, best ease scenario watching out the windows or gazing blankly into space. Against a predominating view that eighteenth century Americans had not sustained the first pioneers’ enthusiastic responsibility to their confidence, researchers now recognize an abnormal state of religious vitality in provinces after 1700. As indicated by one master, religion was in the â€Å"climb as opposed to the declension†; an alternate sees a â€Å"climbing imperativeness in religious life† from 1700 ahead; a third discovers religion in numerous parts of the settlements in a condition Of â€Å"hot development. † Figures on chapel articulation and church development help these sentiments. Somewhere around 1700 and 1 740, an expected 75-80% of the populace went to places of worship, which were being assembled at a headlong pace. By 1 780 the rate of grown-up pilgrims who stuck to a congregation was between 10-30%, not including slaves or Native Americans. North Carolina had the most minimal rate at around 4%, while New Hampshire and South Carolina were tied for the most elevated, at around 16%. Church structures in eighteenth century America fluctuated significantly, from the plain, unobtrusive structures in gently settled rustic regions to rich buildings in the prosperous urban areas on the eastern seaboard. Chapels reflected the traditions and conventions and in addition the riches and societal position of the groups that manufactured them. German holy places contained peculiarities obscure in English ones. 4. Why did women’s issues suddenly become so prominent in American culture? Mans In the early sass position of American ladies was legitimately and socially second rate compared to men. Ladies could ‘t vote and, if wedded, couldn’t possess property or hold their own income. The change developments of the sass, particularly annulment and moderation, gave ladies an opportunity to get included in general society stadium. Ladies reformers soon started to disturb not only for restraint and abrogation, additionally for ladies’ rights. Activists, for example, Angelina and Sarah Grimm, Elizabeth Caddy Stanton, and Lucrative Motto contended that men and ladies are made equivalent and ought to be dealt with thusly under the law. These backers associated with abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, likewise a fervent women’s activist, fusing the forces of the cancellation and the ladies’ rights developments. Different backers of both reasons incorporate Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass. How to cite Big One, Papers

How does Priestley present the character of Sybil in An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

How does Priestley present the character of Sybil in An Inspector Calls Essay Sybil Birling is introduced later on in to the Inspectors questioning than the rest of the characters, entering the room in act two in a manner described â€Å"briskly and confidently† by the stage direction. She is aware of the developments of the night, due to her husband informing her privately, but seemingly unaffected by the gravity of the situation. Though Sybil is a female and in the terms of that eras social attitudes, the property of her husband – she is described by Priestley as Arthurssocial superior, and is a woman of some public influence, sitting as chairman on the towns Womens charity organization and having been married to a former Lord Mayor. While Mr Birling still possesses a local accent, Mrs Birling speaks in RP English, indicating that she has lived at the top end of the social scale for all of her life, and not had to work her way up (like her husband). She is the only member of the Birling family to almost completely resist the Inspectors attempts to make her realise her responsibilities. This demonstrates her inability to change attitudes after a lifetime of high living and is representative of the upper classes being closed-minded and ignorant of the plights of others. Sybil responds in a cagey manner to questioning, unwilling to see how she had any part in the suicide of Eva Smith – despite her being the young womans very last resort. An example of the attitude she displays towards the Inspector is when she tells him that â€Å"if you think you can bring any pressure to bear upon me, youre quite mistaken†, denying that she has anything to feel guilty about – and continuing the claim that she is uninvolved in Evas plight. In the same way as her husband, her high social standing gives her an inflated, and incorrect sense of her own opinions. When the Inspector details the fact that Eva was pregnant with the baby of a man who abandoned her, Sybil blames â€Å"the drunken young idler†, â€Å"who was the father of the child she was going to have†. However, the person she is describing in such derogatory terms turns out to be her own son. This highlights the double-standards of the upper classes, as she attempts to retract the remarks when the father of Evas child is revealed. Though Mrs Birling does indicate sympathy at the tragic fate of Eva Smith, her insistence that she is not responsible for it in any manner and the prejudice displayed in the girls charity plea shows that the death does not have anywhere near as much impact as it does on the younger members of the family. When the Inspector leaves the household, and doubt is brought up about Goole being a legitimate policeman, she joins in with her husband and Gerald in passing off the Inspectors case as a joke, and claims that â€Å"in the morning they will be as amused as we are†. This shows that she learnt nothing from the events of the night, and is willing to act as if all of the revelations brought forward about the actions of her family by Inspector Goole are completely irrelevant. The depiction of Sybil is one of an upper class woman who has married a middle class male with significant financial backing to maintain her privileged lifestyle. Priestley creates this character to display the overwhelming importance of class wealth to people of high social standing – her marriage to Arthur is a prime example of this. Sybil appears out of touch with reality a common criticism of the upper classes as she claims â€Å"I cant believe it – I wont believe it† when she finds out that Eric is the father of Evas baby. Sybil, like her husband, treats the younger members of the Birling family as children, telling them to calm down numerous times during the Inspectors questioning, and calling Sheila â€Å"childish† when she claims that Inspector Goole has taught the family a lesson. .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c , .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .postImageUrl , .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c , .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:hover , .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:visited , .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:active { border:0!important; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:active , .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0c6f6ff4f250864851ebca92b1bc54c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play Romeo and Juliet EssayMrs Birling is even more uncooperative with the Inspector than her husband, and does not see her actions in dealing with Eva at the charity as significant whatsoever, despite knowing the girls final fate. Sybil is a woman who has spent her whole life in luxury, and Priestley uses this fact as a way of showing that those who spend the longest at the top of the social scale are the most morally corrupt.

The Life and Works of Maya Angelou free essay sample

A discussion of Maya Angelous life, talent and contribution to the black community. This paper focuses on the life and works of Maya Angelou, one of the greatest African-American literary figures in the United States. This multi-talented woman has had a major impact on the black community because of her active participation in the civil rights movement. Maya Angelou is an award winning writer, poet, historian, playwright, producer, and director and in short she is an amalgamation pf many talents, which are all, related to art. This amazingly writer has influenced the lives of millions of her readers because of her strong spiritual beliefs and an inner strength that she displays in her stories and other work. She has also actively participated in the civil rights movement because she feels that black still d not have equal rights in the United States; she has thus inspired many black men and women to achieve more by emulating her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life and Works of Maya Angelou or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She has written some autobiographies which are very famous among the public because of their emotional content as they come form the very core of the authors heart, these include All Gods Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986), The Heart of a Woman (1981), Singin and Swingin and Gettin Merry Like Christmas (1976), Gather Together in My Name (1974), and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), which was also nominated for the National Book Award and has been one of her most widely read works.

Medias Influence on Society essays

Medias Influence on Society essays Human curiosity is the essence of our lives; we live to understand and explore others troubles or triumphs, their faults or follies. However, since the beginning of time, our views have been slanted by whoever tells these stories. We are led to believe that what they say is the truth, when it could be simply their view or version of the story, without fully understanding what they were preaching themselves. In todays society, our views of our weight, beauty and sexuality are simply the extended beliefs of third party sources, such as magazines, newspapers, radio and/or the television. We are fed their beliefs, disguised as simple telecasts. Television is no longer what it once was. Showing a great singers hips, as he graced the stage of the Ed Sullivan Show, was once believed to be blasphemous and too much for society to handle. Today it is the complete opposite, however, producers jump at the chance to expose a womans breast or a mans butt, or even go as far as providing the audio of a man and woman involved in sexual activities. These acts are but a part of ABC, CBS, Fox and especially MTV, with their reality show hit, the Real World or any one of their other music countdown shows. But lest we forget who the principal audience is for these shows; young teenagers are watching these shows, where women dress in reveling clothing and grind up against a willing man. They are led to believe that this is how one should act to be accepted or feel older. They do not realize, however, that these stunts are simply that, stunts to produce a larger audience, for the pure financial gain of the company. This common access to sex on the airwaves has greatly affected teenagers in the recent years, despite education on abstinence in schools. Aside from the more provocative dancing, which teens have been accustomed to lately, sexual activities have become more rampant at parties and childrens homes. Teens are ...

A Creative Writing on an Interview with Joseph About His Charitable Acts

A Creative Writing on an Interview with Joseph About His Charitable Acts This is an interview with Joseph on October 21, 2021. Joseph has spent the past 3 years helping the homeless with whatever he can, from donating non perishable goods to thousands of dollars. His charitable acts have become publicized when he was caught on camera handing out over fifty bagged meals to the homeless in Los Angeles. He has been recruited by Society First CA for this in depth interview at Society First CA’s headquarters in Downtown Los Angeles. I think it all started when I visited Los Angeles when I was 16 years old. Everywhere I looked, there was someone begging for help, whether it’s food or money. I hated the sight. Not the sight of the homeless themselves but the sight of the fortunate ignoring the unfortunate. It was saddening that a fellow human being would ignore another just because of their social status and their wealth. I saw the disgust within the faces of those passing by and my heart broke. That’s when I decided to donate at least $5 to any homeless I see every day. I actually saw your charitable act myself a few years back myself. I was surprised that a teenager would give their own money to someone less fortunate, especially in this generation. It left an impression in my mind. Thank you! While my motive for helping out the homeless isn’t to gain attention but any publication which shows the current situation of the homeless helps. I’m trying to bring attention to the homeless problem within L.A. right now, as it is a big problem, but I want to help everywhere I can. And if my actions left an impression within you, maybe you can help out too (laugh). I would love to (laugh). Have you been doing anything else to help out with the homeless situation? I actually help out at the nearby soup kitchen. When I have extra money, I often go to the local supermarket and buy non-perishable food to donate. Then I go to the kitchen and help out with the cooking. Although this may not be much, some of the homeless haven’t had hot food in several days. The warmth they give when they receive their food fills my heart. It really makes me understand how privileged I am to be able to have hot food every day and a roof over my head. How long do you plan to continue your humanitarian works? I don’t plan to stop any time soon. In fact, I don’t want to stop. I believe that if you do good works the good works will come back to you. If I suddenly became homeless, I wouldn’t want to be ignored and stay helpless. I would want hot food to warm myself when it’s cold. I would want a roof over my head. I hope that my good works will be reciprocated and that the homeless can flip their lives around and help others. In fact, I actually want to try making a non-profit corporation devoted to helping out the homeless and the less fortunate. However, until that happens, I plan to continue to donate to charity and give to the homeless. This genre is for the Improve society #1 of my bucket list. I chose the genre of an interview because I felt that this genre would be the most effective way to show my motive for helping out at homeless shelter. This genre is important to my bucket list because I have always had a heart for the unfortunate people who are victims of circumstances which they could not control. Additionally, I have seen so many people who ignore the homeless and it breaks my heart when I see that happen. I used a basic outline of an interview, having the interviewer ask me a question and lead the conversation from the response. I mainly focused on the humanitarian aspect of my motive to help the homeless. I used a casual tone instead of a professional to make the interview more intimate and honest. To create the interview itself, I imagined myself actually being asked these questions and responded to it. While I may be able to help out the homeless, I feel that this wouldn’t have an impact if it was not shared. I want others to be aware of the homeless problem within society and that we have an obligation to help a fellow human being. Many are afraid of the homeless or believe that the money we give will be used for other purposes. However, if we are to show love and be altruistic, I believe in the natural human goodness within everyone and believe that the homeless can have a change.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International business - Essay Example The foundation of this approach is that the developing country takes up industrialization and upgrades its own industries by capitalizing on the learning opportunities that are made available through its external relations with the more advanced countries. Japan is the primary source of inspiration for South Korean business because it has been the hub of industrialization in the post war scenario. Manufactured goods and primary commodities arrived mostly from Japan, which has also been the largest source of Foreign Direct Investment in South Korea. Diversification, stabilization and growth momentum are three aspects of the Japanese economy that have been vigorously adapted by South Korea. For example, in the post war reconstruction scenario, the South Korean state undertook early import substitution projects in cement, fertilizers, oil refining and synthetic fibers, utilizing Japanese imports as a means to standardize and develop its own products. Kim (1987) has explained how the Japanese tradition of considering bureaucratic careers as a means of legitimacy for State initiatives was also followed in South Korea, where the bureaucracy and the military have managed to retain themselves as elite groups. The most powerful bureaucratic organ was the Economic Planning Board, which coordinated economic policy through a control of the budgetary processes. Managers of the EPB were promoted into ministries, which produced strong ties between the regime and the largest conglomerate businesses, Chaebol, paving the way for rapid economic development by establishing its legitimacy in accordance (Evans, 1995). These Chaebols like Samsung and Hyundai were modeled along the lines of Japanese firms such as Sony and Toyota a group of formally independent firms that are operating in diverse industries and are controlled by family members, congregate into a large business group that is able to overcome market imperfections through the creation o f

Using ICT-enabled feedback to improve student learning in secondary Literature review

Using ICT-enabled feedback to improve student learning in secondary schools in New Zealand - Literature review Example What is Feedback? Feedback is often described as a systematic dialogue between teachers and students. A proper feedback can help both to assess their strategies.To be more precise,for students it is a method to ascertain the effectiveness of their learning strategies. On the other hand, for teachers, it is a method to assess the problems faced by students. As a result, the teachers are able to adapt more student friendly teaching methods A carefully designed classroom lesson attracts more attention from students (Black and William, 1998, pp. 139-148). In many literatures the description coined by Ramprasad (1983, p. 4) â€Å"Feedback is information about the gap between the actual level and the reference level of a system parameter which is used to alter the gap in some way† is used to define feedback. However, many scholars are of the opinion that such definitions of feedback, makes it a complete responsibility of the teachers. On the other hand, an effective feedback require s both the teachers as well as the students to give their serious effort. (Black and William, 1998, pp. 139-148) In 2006 Boston Consultancy Group (BCG), conducted a survey in the primary school of Bellfield in Victoria, Australia. The survey clearly indicated that Feedback in school level balances positive aspects of teaching with room for future improvement. The survey also showed that feedback encourages teachers to build up their confidence. The survey further showed that constructive and properly tailored feedback help teachers to formulate new methodologies to improve learning in their class... The teachers must gain the student’s confidence. A feedback, which is very critical by nature, can make students feel incompetent. In feedback, teachers need to highlight the achievements of the students in a realistic yet positive manner. By providing students non-judgmental feedback, the teachers can become their mentor. The greatest fear that students have is the fear of being wrong, and it is the responsibility of teachers to encourage them to come out of their inhibition. (Gager and Berliner, 1991 p. 143, 349) Feedback can be categorized into two category, namely â€Å"Formative† and â€Å"Summative† assessment. Formative assessment involves regular feedback throughout the academic year. On the other hand, summative feedback is the assessment done at the end of the academic term. Formative assessment In case of formative assessment, the approach is a combination of formal and informal processes applied by students and teachers for improving the learning expe rience. Formative assessment done by teachers mainly focus on the following points (Heritage and Stigler, 2010, p. 56) The direction in which the student is heading, i.e. the strategy the student is following. The current state of the student The direction the student must take next to make further improvements The priority in formative assessment is to set the learning goals along with the success criteria for each lesson. The feedback help teachers to shape up their curriculum in such a way that the students are able to close the gap between his or her current learning ability and the goal they have set for themselves. The teachers must be aware of certain factors, when they formulate their formative assessment strategies. There are certain factors, which must be

Stereotype With Women Essay Example for Free

Stereotype With Women Essay ?The popular saying, â€Å"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus,† is a simple way of explaining that men and women are completely different. Is this difference due to biology – the genetic difference with which that we are born? Or is it due to the cultural difference that society influences’ – the orthodox disadvantages that discriminates women in the workplace, at home, and in society as a whole. The stereotypical role that women, especially mothers, are made to sustain in their everyday lives shows such unrealistic expectations – just due to their womanhood. â€Å"Stereotype: A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing: sexual and racial stereotypesi. Stereotypes are judgments created by our society that are based on perceived actions of an individual. It is a picture in society’s mind, though it is not an accurate illustration of the real world. The ongoing pressure of women having to follow these false assumptions of ‘right’ kind of mother to be, or the ‘right’ way to dress is not making our world a better place to be in any sense. The female stereotype first comes into play in that many women are generally seen as frail individuals and men are supposed to fill the role of the protector or, as Valenti would refer to it, â€Å"He can be a beast, She must be a beauty†(Valenti, 42). It’s the parents that tend to be children’s first stereotypical influences in their lives, such as the colour they provide their rooms, as well as the toys they bring home and the sports and hobbies in which they enroll them. A family hit television show, â€Å"Toddlers and Tiaras,† where girls as young as five years of age partake in beauty pageants after being subjected to false fingernails, wigs, eyelashes, fake tans, hair extensions, and somewhat â€Å"over the top† makeup. Its a trap in which many women are caught: women feel pressured to look like the social norm to fit in and somehow society makes it all seem right, causing more people join that assembly and creating more pressure on others to also do this. In previous decades, the stereotypes of women had clear expectations: they would get married, have children, raise the children and keep the house in order, and unfortunately their lives were restricted to these limitations. Consequently, some of these traditions still exist today leaving mothers with the role of playing â€Å"housewife. † They are supposed to clean the house, cook dinner, do the laundry, have the children, and take care of their children. â€Å"Mothers are responsible for and are naturally better at children and family and Fathers are responsible for and are naturally better at employment and earning money. As a result, women and men incorporate the roles of mother and father into their identities in different ways and at different paces†ii While women take control of these responsibilities, the dominant male goes out and earns a wage for the household. Since the male subject is never home, he can sometimes not know what goes on or how to react in different situations with the children. For example, if the father wants to go out for dinner without the children, the mother may be reluctant to get a baby-sitter. As the mother, she feels bad about leaving the children. As her partner, he doesn’t quite understand; he wants to spend time with his wife and he doesn’t see anything wrong because he is used to not being around his children nor raising them as much as the mother. We live in a society that has long penalized women for growing old. Western society is one in which the media have relentlessly portrayed the middle-aged woman as old-fashioned, boring, someone who is losing her looks, not to mention sexual appeal, etc. Valenti writes in her book: â€Å"When they get older- women who are pretty much done for. We’re deemed unfuckable and unlovable and, subsequently, useless. † (Valenti, 70) As many women struggle their entire lives trying to fit into the societal expectations of being â€Å"beautiful† and in that definition creates such an unrealistic belief that sets women up for failure with poor self confidence believing that they will never be good enough. As I am writing this essay in Tim Horton’s, I’m watching 3 construction workers gawk their revolting site on two helpless girls scrummaging in their backpacks for enough change to buy a donut to split. Even though these type of things occur all the time, and as I’ve grown up especially; being called names by truck drivers hollering out their windows†¦ I flaunted it, I felt good about myself when it happened, and when It didn’t I was concerned, wondering if I wasn’t wearing to right outfit, or had my hair to right way to catch the eyes of creepy men. At some point in my mind when I was a child, I got in my head that this was okay. Jessica Valenti introduces how stereotypical Double standards are present but are nothing new and women have to deal with them every day. I related with her book in many different ways, and some of the things I read I just had to laugh and turn to my girlfriend and we would totally agree on her statements. The book looks, at title glance, like a list of fifty depressing facts, but it isnt. She doesnt only tell us about how bad women have it. She talks about how this stuff hurts everybody, including heterosexuals’ cismales. She gives kudos and praise to heterosexual cismales who are clearly part of the solution or who are trying or who are progressive. Every person who is not affected by a cause but is an ally to it deserves to be recognized. This is often forgotten. Most importantly of all does Jessica stop at listing the bad things? Hell no! At the end of every section is a page titled What you can do about it where she offers advice on how a person can undo the sort of hurtful thinking. In some sections she admits there isnt much she can think of, even then she offers something. She tries. Jessica keeps it light and happy where she can. The topics in this book are downers, so Jessica reminds us to keep our heads up. Shes constructive, helpful, and dedicated to the cause, which is equality for everyone. And unlike lot of people who fight against sexism, she does it without resorting to using hate speech and man-hating slurs. This is why Jessica is a published author and successful person- she combines righteous anger with fierce love for those who are helping. She tells everyone that they dont have to just lay there and take that nonsense, and she doesnt either; I idol her in every which way, and will continue to improve my insight on feminism as does she. Works Cited:

Essay examples --

my enjoyment of Business Studies at AS level. For me, Business Studies has proven to be an extremely interesting subject, one that offers many opportunities. I would like to study this course to broaden my knowledge about all aspects of running, managing and marketing a successful business. I believe that the business profession requires individuals with good interpersonal skills, who are committed and quick thinking, all of which are attributes that I have identified within myself. Whilst at university, I will be looking forward to participating for a year in a business to gain first-hand experience, which I believe, will give me an edge over other business graduates. Academically, I have always been a very committed and determined student, willing to go beyond the basic requirements. This is demonstrated through the enthusiasm that I have shown towards my Physical Education A-level, not only have I completed what was expected of me, I have also stayed behind after school, attended sessions on days off and given up lunch hours to ensure that I achieve the best result possible. My Ps...

What to Do if There are Suspicions or if Someone Alleges They are Being Abused

RecogniseRecognise the signs and symptoms or believe what you are toldRespondComfort – warm and caring Reassure the person that you believe them and that it is not their fault/they are in no way to blame Do not promise that you will keep it secret (may need to pass on to help them, important not to say one thing and do another) but only to people who need to know and will help Protect the individual – ensure they are in a safe place and protected from any further possibility of abuse Medical assistance if requiredReportReport the allegation immediately to a senior colleague (manager or named safeguarding lead) May have formal referral procedures or may make initial verbal referralRecordPreserve any evidenceTry to remember as much as you can – listen carefullyFull written report as soon as possible after the event including everything you observed, everything you have been told, any previous concerns you may have had, what has raised your concerns on this occasion Accurate and factualMake clear what you have actually seen and what is hearsay. Do not ask leading questionsReferYou may need to make a referral to another agencyIdentify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preservedIf this is a potential crime scene, must be very careful not to destroy any potential evidence.Do not clear up or wash or clean any part of the room or area in which the alleged abuse took place †¢Don’t disturb the scene, clothing or victim.Don’t remove anything (e.g. clothing, bedding).Do not allow victim to wash, bathe, brush hair or teeth etc).Secure the scene (e.g. lock the door).Preserve other potential evidence (e.g. documents) by locking them away.Keep other people out of the area.Get advice from the police if in doubt.Bear in mind that any medical treatment is a priority and must be provided immediately but make it clear to any medical staff that the situation may result in a prosecution so they need to record any findings carefully in ca se theu need to make a statement later.Explain the importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuseShould be simple to follow because it encourages people to raise their concerns.Indicates the organisation will respond to those concerns.If it’s too difficult to make a complaint, people won’t complain and the abuse may continue.Can identify any areas of weakness in a provider and help improve the service.If a complaints procedure is clear and easily accessible, abusers are more likely to be challenged on their behaviour. Knowing this would make them less likely to abuse.Helps vulnerable individuals to feel protected, empowered and less likely to accept abuse.Describe unsafe practices that may affect the well-being of individualsLack of training (e.g. manual handling, personal care, eating and drinking).Not observing confidentiality.Not following infection control procedures.Confusion over prescribing and administering medication.Fire evacuation procedures.Failure to comply with regulations.Explain the actions to take if unsafe practices have been identifiedTell their manager or named safeguarding person.Describe the actions to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done about itRecord any information carefully (factual, time and date etc).Keep moving through the management chain. If no one in your organisation responds, contact CQC or IW Council Safeguarding Adults Board (google and find out how to contact).If it is a criminal offence (e.g. theft, fraud, physical or sexual abuse) refer the matter to the police.Public Concern at Work is a national organisation that provides information legal advice to people who are concerned about malpractice at work.Free and confidential advice. (www.pcaw.co.uk) May be very difficult to pass information on – this is known as ‘whistleblowing’ Public Interest Disclosure Act (1998) protects whistleblowers and ensure s you cannot be victimised by your employer for reporting abuse or any other illegal acts So long as you have a ‘reasonable belief’ that one of the following is taking, has taken or may take place, you are protected by law:A criminal offence.Breach of a legal obligation.Miscarriage of justice.Danger to the health and safety of any person.Damage to the environment.Deliberate covering up of information tending to show any of the above.

Assess the importance of setting in Heart of Darkness Essay

The setting is the basis of every story or novel, the basis of every prose work. Heart of Darkness is by no means an exception. Joseph Conrad’s nouvelle or rather said mysterious work is not being easily understood let alone assessed. But each reader of Heart of Darkness should try to solve the mystery the author has opened. The setting reveals itself to be a mystery within the mystery. What is really the setting of Conrad’s nouvelle? And is it at all important to the work as a whole? Is it the usual setting of an adventure story that was popular at the time, is it a place of darkness, the heart of it, or just the jungle in the Congo region? The setting may be all of the above and it looks like composed of several different ones colouring the mysteriousness of the nouvelle, some contrasting the others. Heart of Darkness begins in a voice that is not belonging to the protagonist. This later appears to be the auditor of the protagonist’s(Marlow’s) story, so for short he may be called the Auditor. His introduction reveals that the setting is a yawl, called Nellie, swinging on the surface of the Thames awaiting for the turn of the tide so she can sail off. The beginning of the setting reminds the Auditor of England’s naval glory, he recalls the great knights – known and unknown – of the sea while the banks of the Thames remind Marlow that they have also been â€Å"one of the dark places of the earth†. And exactly the word â€Å"dark† is the one that defines the setting throughout the whole of the nouvelle, varying only in shades. This becomes crystal clear from the moment Marlow begins to speak and he speaks through the whole of the nouvelle except the few introductory paragraphs. Going further to describe the setting Marlow begins his s tory about his journey in the Congo region, the heart of darkness. The protagonist explains that as a boy he looked at the blank spaces on the maps and dreamed of exploring them, but the Congo region was no blank space anymore, ironically according to Marlow it has become a place of darkness. He is fascinated by the river in the heart of darkness, for him it resembles a snake, symbol of evil; while the river Thames described earlier is calm and serene contrasting the setting in the Congo river. Both rivers may be symbol of the tamed and untamed. London is tamed by civil and moral rules, that’s why it’s calm  while the untamed Africa is cruel but free. Marlow sees danger even before his journey has begun but it doesn’t stop him from going to the other setting, the office of the Company. The following description is the gate towards darkness and death, the gate of Hell. The setting stays in Marlow’s mind and later on in his journey he remembers the two women dressed in black, knitting black wool and holding a black cat; guardian angels to the â€Å"gate of Darkness†. Conrad reveals that not many of those who have been introduced to the Company by the younger woman had the chance to return and look at her again, as if by giving them a glance she turns them to stone like the Gorgone Meduse and dooms them to eternal darkness. Relatively the same is the moral â€Å"preached† in the setting in the doctor’s office. The doctor is interested in measuring the skulls of all those who leave for the Congo with the distinct idea that he could measure them again on their returning but so far none of them has returned. A fact that suprises Marlow who understands from the doctor that no matter what, the changes take place inside the skull; the doctor seems like the prophet to Marlow’s enlightment. Finally Marlow leaves in a French steamer for the Congo. The setting changes as they sail nearer to the coast of the jungle. Marlow feels isolated and delusional by the immense water and the only touch with reality are the boats coming from the shore with â€Å"black fellows† in them. This particular setting is the first touch of civilization with wilderness and savagery. Civilization is characterized by light and â€Å"straight forward facts† while to the wilderness is given the heart of Darkness and freedom. The setting communicates the meaning of the episode. As it does in the next one presenting the Company’s station that Marlow is left in. The black boy he meets fascinates him with the white thread from beyond the seas around his black neck. Civilization intrudes the lives of the Africans and enslaves them. The white thread looks like a manacle around the boy’s neck. After such a sight the white man Marlow meets at the â€Å"station† setting looks like a sort of vision. This miracle later appears to be the Company’s chief accountant. He strikes Marlow with devotion to his work and the fact that he had achieved something in his life, everything in it is in order while the whole station is falling apart. The accountant and his office is the island of salvation for Marlow when he wants to get away from the misery at the  station. The importance of this particular setting is the mentioning for the first time the name of Mr.Kurtz, defined by the accountant as a remarkable person and from this moment on the mysterious Kurtz enters the thoughts of Marlow as well as the reader’s. The setting of the Central Station serves its purpose too to the whole of the nouvelle. The forest near it looks huge and calm to Marlow, the setting alone sends the feeling to all of the readers, misery and greatness fill their hearts. Together with this the tickling feeling of the awaited by Marlow meeting with Kurtz makes the breathing of the reader harder. In the Central Station he meets a brickmaker who gives more detail to the fast-growing character of Kurtz in Marlow’s mind. He is an extraordinary human being, an emissary of pity and what not, bringing civilization to the dark continent. The brickmaker is sure that Marlow has some resemblance to Kurtz and if this is true the reader is only to find out on their own. The months spent awaiting the needed rivets for the repair of the mysteriously broken down steamer are over. Marlow leaves for the Inner Station where he is to find out if the rumors about the best Company’s agent are true, the narrator leaves in search for the ill Kurtz whose death is awaited by most of the Company’s staff. The setting changes once more only to become the same as earlier in Marlow’s journey. Black people, enemies that are hiding on the shore like evil that is creeping and getting closer and closer to the steamer. Finally the evil prevails, the devoted black helmsman is murdered from a spear. The setting had built an unhealthy darkness that doesn’t allow the reader even the slightest chance to forget the focus of the nouvelle; the darkness within the heart of the jungle gradually fills the heart of the protagonist and respectfully the reader’s too. Maybe the most interesting part of the setting is Marlow’s meeting with Kurtz at the Inner Station. The setting presents the true darkness, the very heart of it. It also echoes the cries of the Russian sailor who meets Marlow at his arrival. From the story of the naà ¯ve young sailor Marlow understands about Kurtz’s brilliance and the semi-divine power he exercises over the  natives. The setting provides the visual confirmation of Kurtz’s cruelty. A row of severed heads on stakes round the hut gives an intimation of the barbaric rites by which Kurtz’s has achieved his ascendancy. An educated man like Marlow, a very intelligent one, a man of promise for the Company Kurtz has used his brains and gun, symbol of civilization, to enslave the natives and make his one dark tribe that would inhabit the heart of darkness. Though at first sight the setting looks like a true adventure one underneath transpires the psychological and moral level of the work as a whole. Moreover Conrad’s nouvelle and respectfully it’s setting is also a symbolic journey of the soul towards the heart of man which he sees as capable of great evil. Kurtz is good personification of this particular idea. The setting may be interpreted as an allusion to Dante’s The Inferno, Marlow’s journey looks like an expedition to the underworld, a journey through the circles of hell and Kurtz is the devil himself. But the devil doesn’t want to leave his tribe nor do they want to leave him. When his tired and sick body is taken in the steamboat his black mistress appears. She looks at him with her â€Å"wild-eyes† giving Kurtz the power to live on but he couldn’t. The setting changes and presents the deck of the steamboat. Kurtz is lying there awarding Marlow with his manuscripts and his words, his last ones â€Å"The horror! The horror!†. The setting reveals the whole moral of Conrad’s work, or in Marlow’s words â€Å"the moral victory†. For Kurtz the horror he talks of is his life and like he has shown the reader man is capable of great evil. Kurtz has neglected the signals of his heart that evil was inside him. Kurtz is outside of control of the moral rules of civilization whose representative he is. So the horror is he himself, the heart of darkness is not the jungle anymore but his own. The setting has changed once again only to become Kurtz himself, the most important figure for the nouvelle, the heart of it, the heart of darkness. The setting is one of the most important for the work because it reveals simple but existential truths to the reader. Man finds himself when is isolated especially from civilization as Kurtz does. But why is he considered mad by the â€Å"civilized† people that get in touch with him. He is mad for them because he had taken off the mask and everybody can see his true face – evil or remarkable is up to the reader to  decided. The important role of the setting is capturing the attention and the thoughts of the reader. Kurtz was like Marlow – an uncorrupted creature from the imperialist world that wanted to help the natives rather than colonize them but the darkness prevailed his heart and Marlow sees what he could become if he lost the trail. But Kurtz recognizes his action as cruel and evil that is his horror, he knows that what he is doing is wrong but the heart of darkness haven’t given him another option to survive. The setting also reminds the reader through the character of Kurtz of Europe at the end of the Imperialism era. The nouvelle is not only an adventure story but a political statement as well. Kurtz’s relationship with his mistress represents Europe’s love for their imperialized country, only the passion is temporary. Kurtz dies leaving Marlow and the reader with the conviction that they should explore what is inside them and in most cases they’ll find their own heart of darkness. Intriguing are also Kurtz’s manuscripts and the words â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes!† He never told who are the brutes but the overall impression is that the brutes are not the uncivilized man, maybe everyone should find the brute within himself and exterminate it. The philosophical manuscripts did not solve any problems they just have shaped Marlow’s perspective and although he didn’t approve of Kurtz’s actions he was amazed with his spiritual and intellectual power, with the ability to persuade. That is exactly why Marlow stays loyal to Kurtz’s even after his death. The setting takes the reader back to Belgium in the house of Kurtz’s fiancà ©e. She, the woman that will always wait for him and always will mourn for him. She believes that she is the person that understood Kurtz best but Marlow is not convinced in that and he lies her about Kurtz’s last words. He never tells her what they really were, he mentions only that they gave him her name and that’s why he found her. Marlow is not sure if she’ll understand Kurtz’s ‘horror’. Africa has become a topology of his mind and the mind in general. Letting the forgotten savagery in the European and being the symbol of man’s inner change. Kurtz’s ‘horror’ is Marlow’s self discovery. The importance of the setting, given that it has shown to the reader the Congo region in it’s very heart of darkness, is that reminds the reader that it is time to make their own self searching. Last but not least the setting of the nouvelle has shown darkness, the heart of it. It is important for the work as a whole because it presents Marlow’s individual journey towards enlightment that serves the purpose of a model for the reader to follow. It presents also Kurtz’s ‘horror’ who has taken one step further in the dark continent that Marlow is not ready and willing to take. The setting of the whole work enriches the reader following the narrator in the serpentine Congo. The setting emphasizes the idea of the conflict of what is real versus what is ‘dark’. Here particularly the word ‘real’ represents the civilized part of the world while dark is Africa. Marlow represents civilization on the edge while Kurtz represents civilization stepped over leading in the ‘darkness’. The setting also is ivory, Conrad uses it as a symbol of man’s inner savagery, greed and evil. The author also uses ivory as contradiction to the usual symbols of good and evil. If good is represented with the white colour, here is Heart of Darkness ivory is the evil part no matter that it is one of the purest and whitest materials in the world. The contradiction the setting presents entraps the attention of the reader and provokes once again his search for self-discovery. The setting is pretty important to the work as a whole because it reveals the darkness within every one of us; the question is whether like Marlow we shall defeat it and gain enlightment or be defeated by it like Kurtz and fall in the very heart of Darkness.

Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development

Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development Overview of RMRDC The Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) promotes the development of industrial raw materials in the Republic of Nigeria. It also oversees the utilisation of the same minerals, while its activities are considered part of the Nigerian government on a federal level.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organisation started in 1988 and has grown to become an essential institution that supports federal service. It serves many stakeholders who are involved in the country’s vast raw material sector. The organisation began when the country had limited foreign exchange earnings. At the time, Nigeria relied on petroleum products. With the functioning RMRDC, the country can lower its import bill by focusing on domestic raw material production, rather than rely on im ports (RMRDC, 2015). Background of the study This study will focus on the subject of performance appraisal. According to Armstrong (1998), researchers mainly concentrate on accuracy and fairness whenever they are conducting performance appraisal studies. This is a subject under Human Resource Management (HRM), and it refers to the use of tools and frameworks to enhance the productivity of human capital within organisations. When organisations measure their performance, they gain insights into their operations and can, therefore, address emerging issues related to performance. This can be in the actual sense of speed of delivery or the impediments to delivery. Being able to identify these areas allows the organisation to respond appropriately to avoid trouble and build on its past and ongoing successes. As a result, the use of performance appraisals can be a way of achieving competitive advantages.  Employees can offer their viewpoints on different aspects of their jobs with the sy stematic evaluation and its related adjustments. They use the process to improve their performance and get a basis for earning rewards. This reason makes the performance appraisal concept crucial as an HRM tool and highlights its ability to help realise capabilities of an organisation’s human resources.  Although performance appraisal increases employee productivity, much is unknown about its effects on financial performance.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Pollitt and Bouckaert (2011), there is no research evidence available for the link. Nevertheless, the consensus among researchers and practitioners is that the process should be continuous and involve supervisors who regularly evaluate their approach to measuring the performance of subordinate employees. The benefits of appraisal include an increase in efficacy, productivity, and morale. Many organisations exist as hierarchical structures. Such organisations require structured performance appraisals so that they can tell what each department in different levels is doing and why the problems that arise at any level fail to be resolved. With the information, the organisation can streamline its decision-making processes and achieve a better execution of strategic choices. It also moves away from the chaos that can plague its administrative hierarchy (DeVries, 1983).  The definition of performance appraisal follows its tie to human resources, which is regarded as a source of competitive advantage for organisations (Farndale Kelliher, 2013). It can be a review, evaluation, or discussion about the development of employees in relation to the present standards. After examination, result documentation of the comparison occurs and the information serves as a guideline for intervening in employee relationships concerning their jobs and the realisation of an organisationâ⠂¬â„¢s objectives (Farndale Kelliher, 2013). The employment of performance appraisal leads to the identification of staff members needing training, promotion, demotion, retrenchment, firing, or recognition, among other eventualities within the mandate of human resource departments (Farndale Kelliher, 2013). Aim This study aims to look at performance appraisal in the context of an organisation’s determination to achieve employee development. Therefore, the study is going to focus on the Raw Materials Research and Development Council of Nigeria. In doing so, it will specifically concentrate on how subordinate employees within the organisation perceive the existing performance appraisal methods used by the organisation. It will also examine the outcome of the evaluation of management staffs and the subordinate staffs. Lastly, the research will consider the strengths and weaknesses of the performance appraisal program at RMRDC in seeking to find out areas that can be improved o r introduced. Objectives To determine the perception of subordinate employees on performance appraisal program at RMRDC To examine the strengths and weaknesses of performance appraisal program used by RMRDC To examine the goal and outcome of performance appraisal in RMRDC on the subordinate employee level and management employee level To identify gaps in the efficacy of the current performance appraisal program in structure and purpose regarding best practices and organisational context. Justification of the research The research will be useful in the Nigerian organisations’ context because of the following contributions.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will enhance the view of performance appraisal and lead to its appreciation as a productivity tool for firms. It will result in the proper structuring of performance appraisals after highlighting the strengths and limitations of the current structure at RMRDC. The study will provide organisational insight that practitioners can readily apply to their respective institutions to realise the additional potential of their human resources. It will lead to the identification of the role and relevance of different stakeholders in a government agency, such as RMRDC It will highlight the benefits of performance appraisal from an empirical context. Purpose of the research The basis of this research is to understand the impact of performance appraisal program/s at RMRDC on the council’s staff. It will result in is a significant contribution of information that is integral in decision-making by stakeholders for the improvement of the program/s or process of performance appraisal. Evaluation of the Relevant Literature Performance management links corporate objectives, performance standards, and evaluation in one proc ess, which is used by managers to serve the following three roles in an organisation. First, it assists in the administration, development, and communication functions of any entity (Beam, 2008). In its administrative role, it captures staffing, compensation, promotion, and punishment or rewards for members of the organisation to ensure that the human resource functions optimally. In its development role, it identifies and builds potential for future performance. It gives an organisation a capability that it can tap on when conditions are favourable. In its communication role, performance management seeks to offer feedback to employees concerning how they are executing their duties. According to Brown (2008), records of performance appraisals help employees to fight against wrongful dismissal.  The development of appraisal instruments so that the measurement of human effort is objective and accurate is an important research issue under performance appraisal (Cash, 2010). At the sa me time, Glaveli and Karassavidou (2011) noted that research tends to focus on supervisors and employee characteristics, thereby highlighting their bias on performance appraisal ratings. Lastly, research on the subject has also concentrated on the process as it is executed within organisations (Sinclair, 2005). Techniques of appraisal for management purposes can be observational or actual measurements. Organisations use ratings in their simple applications, and behaviour anchor scales in complex applications. This follows the theoretical assumptions of motivation. According to Watkins (2011), problems with performance appraisals relate to the lack of focus, poor training, inefficient communication, and biased criteria. A number of motivational theories can help explain performance appraisals. They include the Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory and the Herzberg’s two-factor theory because of their elaborate description and fit in organisational contexts (Watkins 2011). Acc ording to Watkins (2011), other relevant theories in performance appraisal include the expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, and the McClelland’s needs achievement theory.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The goal setting theory helps to explain better how employees operate in the work environment. It also offers insights on how to influence employee performance. It relates to the direction of employee attention. The theory encourages effort and provides avenues for encouraging persistence. Managers can use the theory to foster goal attainment and following of strategic action plans. The theory is relevant because every performance appraisal starts with a goal. The concept of performance appraisal management became famous in the mid-1980s, and Barry (2007) coined it. Since then, researchers have explored it further. Armstrong (2011) considers it a strategic and integrated approach. It offers sustained success of the organisation. This happens through the improvement of performance appraisal for people and the creation of capability teams and individual contributors (Armstrong, 2011).  Therefore, performance appraisal is strategic, systematic, and holistic. It concerns the broader i ssues facing an organisation, as much as it is detailed on specific individual performance. Based on the research by Bach (2004), performance appraisal relates to behaviour and results. Behaviour comes from a performer. It transforms performance appraisal into action. Behaviour is an instrument for the result, and it is an outcome of mental and physical efforts. However, this is only as long as the mental and physical efforts go to a specified task. Therefore, behaviour can be judged independently or as part of a task. In the end, performance appraisal is reactive. Theoretical framework Scholars have examined individual employee performance for many years. Nowadays, researchers and practitioners agree that employees play an important part in a firm’s competitive advantage realisation. Rao (2011) sees that competitive advantages, in this case, arise in the presence of four conditions. Based on the resource-based theory of the firm, the researcher notes that the conditions are addition of value to a company, rarity of skills or advantages gained, difficulty in imitating human capital investments, and the ability to structure and program jobs so that employees work as desired. These conditions were also supported by research by Waldman (2011) and Barry (2007) concerning difficulties in other firms replicating another firm’s strategy. Based on the above citations, it is clear that the behaviour of employees in a firm affects the performance of the particular company. Therefore, performance appraisal will result in changes in organisational performance because it affects employee performance. It can affect motivation and skills of staffs positively. The associated return on investment due to increased performance and growth should result in better financial performance. Based on the understanding, it is possible to use these effects as dependent variables. Review of empirical studies Studies show that individuals’ attitudes and feelings about t heir work affect their behaviour at work and their attitude towards work practices, such as performance appraisals that human resource departments use (Chang Chen, 2011). According to Waldman (2011), age, tenure, and job experience predict the results of an employees appraisal.   On the other hand, Sinclair (2005) considered age, tenure, salary, and education, and performance appraisal as having a negative relationship. Other studies that look at the relationship between job attitudes and behavioural aspects are Downs and Swailes (2013) – a capability approach to organisational talent management, Dimba (2010) – on strategic human resource practices and how they affect employee performance, and Farndale and Kelliher (2013) with a study on the exploration of performance appraisal on the implementation of performance appraisal. The three studies support the findings by Sinclair (1995). They record relationships between job attitudes and behavioural aspects that can lea d to, interfere, promote, and arise from the individual performance evaluation.  The findings can be inconclusive and mixed. Meier (2005) indicated that the direction of the relationship between organisational commitment and other variables was conditional and relied on the types of commitment. On the other hand, a significant, positive relationship happened when there were affective commitment and performance appraisal. A negative relationship existed between continual engagement and performance appraisal, which was an illustration of the inconclusiveness of the present research and highlighted the need for additional studies on the same. According to Esu (2009), demographic factors and job attitudes like job satisfaction and commitment to a particular organisation are important because they are associated with positive results in an organisation. They lead to increased effectiveness and efficiency in the organisation. At the same time, Waldman (2007) indicates that diversity in individual characteristics has the potential to affect decision-making for performance appraisal. Research Philosophy Research philosophy relates to the development of research background, research knowledge, and nature, with research philosophy being a broad framework that comprises of perception, beliefs, understanding of theories, and research practices. Therefore, research philosophy acts as a precise process encompassing the steps that the researcher will undertake to create a relationship between the objectives and questions that the research seeks to answer (Galliers, 1991). Philosophical and Methodological Considerations This research will use a mixed method approach, where there will be primary and secondary sources of data. In the main research part, data collection will take place using questionnaires as the instruments. The questionnaires will be delivered to RMRDC staffs chosen to participate in the research. Therefore, RMRDC will be the case study organisation. The stu dy is going to include two interviews with two directors of the Council. The study timeline will cover the questionnaire survey first, before proceeding to the interviews with the directors. The expectation is that out of 30 questionnaires, at least 20 will be filled accurately and completely to aid in the analysis part of the study. The figure below elaborates the study process. Figure 1: Research onion showing the process of study (Saunders, 2009). The following section provides definitions and elaborations of the different concepts that inform the methodology of the proposed research. Data Collection Data collection relates to the act of getting information about a particular research question to inform decisions and analysis that seek to answer a research question. This study will use surveys and interviews among the available data collection methods. The survey uses questionnaires as an instrument for collecting data. With questionnaires, respondents get forms that have specif ied questions that they have to answer. Questions will be both structured and unstructured. Structured questions require a particular response, while the other questions provide freedom for the individual to answer. The research will try to interpret the responses based on the study criteria. Interviews differ from questionnaires in the way they are conducted. Interviews could embrace structured answers or unstructured questions, depending on the needs of the study. In this case, both will suffice. Usually the researcher and the interviewee meet physically or virtually. Cross-sectional Study Cross-sectional studies are specially constructed explorations into a research question. The study collects data for a defined population. Cross-sectional studies happen once or for a short time. The aim of a cross-sectional study is to estimate the existence of a hypothesis in a given population. The researcher surveys information from a set of literature as a way of doing it as a secondary res earch. The literature sample will be selected using keywords, the focus of the studies consulted, and the time of research or any other relevant criteria. In this case, the keywords will be performance appraisal and human resource management. The focus will be on the keywords and public organisations, while the time will be the last decade. The findings will then be summarised to give a description of the secondary data. Case Study A case study is an in-depth investigation into an event or organisation. Data is gathered from different sources. A case study relies on several methods of research. Therefore, a case study is a research that includes all or any other research methods, such as surveys. It can be a cross-sectional study too, given that this research will be based on RMRDC. A case study allows the researcher to investigate a topic in a detailed way that would be impossible when there are so many participants and too many variables. In this regard, a case study is only an ap proach, but it is not a research method. It uses typical research methods highlighted above (Bryman Bell, 2011). Multi Methods As the name suggests, multi-method research relates to the inclusion of two or more methods of research in one study. It mixes qualitative and quantitative data, methods and methodologies, or paradigms to arrive at a comprehensive finding that would be impossible or shoddily done with only one method or research tool. It can be simply the inclusion of different standpoints, and may use many methods and standpoints (Bryman Bell, 2011). Inductive Research The inductive research follows the inductive reasoning, where the intention is to provide significant evidence for a conclusion. Thus, the study provides evidence to support a conclusion, which makes the conclusion probable pending further research that can confirm or deny it. The evidence presented in the study will support a conclusion about performance appraisal and its application at RMRDC (Bryman Bell , 2011). Positivist Learning Positivist learning concerns the collection of information that is observable and classifiable. It leaves out internal meanings, motives, and feelings or emotions of individuals, and only concentrates on the explainable and observable facts. Therefore, positivist learning relies on statistical data to facilitate learning. In positivist learning, correlations of different variables matter (Bryman Bell, 2011). Ethical Considerations This study will explain its importance to the organisation in question as a way of gaining acceptance. The researcher will seek permission from the relevant authorities before proceeding with the research. Respondents will volunteer information and the only information collected in relation to identity will be demographic collected used for specified exploration tenacities only. Here, staffs at RMRDC will receive requests for research and have seven days to respond. There will be no incentives used to obtain information. The e xpectation of the research is that all participants will provide accurate information without coercion. The participants will only access their responses and will not find any opportunity to know what other participants will answer. This option seeks to safeguard the job interest of participants and prevent any victimisation by colleagues, supervisors, or directors at RMRDC. Contingency Plan I have earmarked two directors for the interview and two chief scientific officers as alternatives in case the directors are not available for the research. The intention here is to use 20 questionnaires. Nevertheless, the researcher will commence an inquiry with 30 questionnaires presented to the Council. Conclusion It is important to understand the performance appraisal from a particular organisation’s context so that other practitioners can have a credible example to relate. Using a positivist learning approach, this research will contribute significantly to the existing literature on factors affecting the realisation of performance appraisal objectives in public organisations. Other than the meeting of research objectives, the shortfalls of this research could arise because of a small sample size and failure of participants to provide accurate information. However, the study will rely on professional conduct of the research process to increase its validity. References Armstrong, M., Baron, A. (1998). Performance management: the new realities. London, UK: Institute of Personnel and Development. Bach, S. (2004). 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